Category: Learning

Building Your L&D Team

As I become more familiar with the landscape of business organizations, particularly those who are still in start-up mode, I find that Learning and Development is often an afterthought, something that becomes a necessity because 

  • The Support team is getting overwhelmed by customers who have simple requests they, the customer, could do themselves.
  • The Customer Success team has customers that don’t know how their product or service works, or how to utilize it.
  • The Professional Services/Deployment/Implementation teams spend a lot of time giving introductory walkthroughs of the product as “training”
  • Angry CEOs are contacting the CEO of your company to ask why you don’t have training.
  • Industry comparison publications outline the lack of training as a “con” for using your product/service.

Ultimately, for whatever reason, the decision is to build a training program. So leadership with little or no experience in Learning and Development starts to hire folks similar to their teams and use them as “trainers” because their product/service is intuitive, right? Training can’t be that hard. 

Here’s the thing:  Training isn’t Engineering, it’s not Sales, and it’s not PowerPoint slides.  There are whole disciplines dedicated to analyzing, creating, and delivering training.  Advanced degrees are dedicated to best-communicating information in such a way that it sticks.  You need a team that knows how to organize, deploy, and manage all phases of the training organization to be successful.  You need a Learning and Development organization.  So let’s talk about each role within that organization, so there’s a better understanding of how that works.  

For context, I will be talking about the fundamental structure of a Director, Managers, and Independent Contributors in a scaled-down organization expected for a reasonably successful, mature organization.  You could have more directors, more managers, VPs, etc. as your reach expands and the scope of learning expands, all the way up to a Chief Learning Officer who directs the development of internal and external learning.  Though, if you are reading this, you are likely not looking for a CLO, but rather an idea of where to start with your training organization.  So, let’s start with the basics.  

Except that training isn’t PowerPoints, but skills that take skilled professionals.

Image of woman with hat

Curriculum Development

Curriculum development is the process of analyzing the jobs, tasks, subtasks, skills, etc. necessary to be successful and compiling that information in a narrative form that layers skills from foundational to knowledgeable.  Curriculum developers know how to work with Engineering, Product Management, Product Marketing, Marketing, Sales, and Support to do their analysis.  They design the course based on the Jobs, Tasks, Subtasks, Skills, Knowledge, and Approaches necessary to be successful.  They develop the training in the medium(s) necessary for delivery.  They implement by using alpha runs to get a feel of the content, betas to get the feel of the delivery, and then go live and evaluate the results.  

Role KPIs

A good curriculum developer will have the following KPIs:

  • Customer Satisfaction:  Is the learner happy with the content and what they have learned?
  • Net Promoter Score:  Would the learner recommend the course to friends and colleagues? 
  • Course Completion:  Are learners who register to complete the course?
  • Exam Pass Rate:  If there is an associated exam, are people passing the exam At a minimum 70% of the time?
  • Customer Success:  Are learners more confident in their role after taking the training?

A curriculum development team will, ideally, own one product or suite at a time, so they can maintain expertise in that content.  Additional roles that can sub-divide Curriculum Development would be eLearning specialists and media production specialists. 

Image of man with hat

Trainers

Trainers, be they technical or not, deliver the training as created by the curriculum developers, placing the content within the context of the learners.  Their job is to assess the capabilities of their learners and help them best understand the content through related experiences and a certain amount of showmanship (some “dad jokes” thrown in can be helpful, too!).  It’s all about reading the room, getting a sense of the levels of understanding, and helping everyone feel confident in the content they have learned.  Where curriculum developers are writing their curriculum for everyone with a foundational knowledge level, trainers tailor that content to Bob and Charlene in class, helping Bob with some missing foundational knowledge while drawing on Charlene’s advanced experience to help explain more complex concepts.  

Role KPIs

A good trainer will have the following KPIs:

  • Customer Satisfaction:  Is the learner happy with the content and what they have learned?
  • Net Promoter Score:  Would the learner recommend the course to friends and colleagues?
  • Utilization:  How many classes does the trainer deliver in a week/month/quarter?
  • Scope:  How many courses can the trainer deliver?
  • Innovation: In what ways has the delivery of the content gotten better over time?
  • Customer Success: Are learners more confident in their role after taking the training?

The Training team can be further subdivided into varying levels, depending on experience, competency, and increased scope.  

Image of man with glasses drinking coffee

Exam Writers

Exam writers will use their understanding of the job tasks to build exams that test the ability to accomplish a particular job.  While this is somewhat similar to curriculum development, it is a completely different skill.  Curriculum development focuses on teaching the skills necessary to complete a job.  Exams test whether or not someone, at their level of understanding, is capable of completing a job.  Exams can be completely independent of training, and training can be conducted without requiring exams.  

It should also be noted that exams are different than review questions or class assessments (quizzes) to test understanding.  Those two methods are used by Trainers to evaluate how well the course is going and to determine if there needs to be a course correction during the class to make sure all content is fully understood and learned.  Exams, however, focus entirely on whether or not someone has the necessary competence to complete a task or job.  

Role KPIs

A good exam writer would have the following KPIs:

  • Exam Completion:  What percentage of learners completed the exam after starting it?
  • Exam Pass Rate:  How many learners passed the exam, with a pass rate target of around 70%?
  • Writing Errors:  How many errors does the exam contain?
  •  Exam Relevance:  How relevant is the exam to the role against which the exam is testing?

Exam writers can fall within a whole category that works with Operations, depending on how the exams are delivered and results are recorded.  Industry-standard exams need to be legally defensible in court, meaning if any discrepancy in the results due to incorrect answers, overly ambiguous questions or answers, or out-of-date questions that are no longer relevant to the job, companies can be liable.  In some small organizations, the curriculum developer can also be an exam writer, though this is not ideal.  

Group of people working in the office

Training Operations

Training Operations is an umbrella term that includes a lot of different folks, and I place them together because their roles are specialized and are often combined into one or two people.  These roles include 

  • Training Coordinators:  These unsung heroes schedule training, assign instructors, bill learners, and answer all questions learners may have that are not topic-specific, like whether or not a service dog is allowed in class.  Whether or not you have live only, a mix of live and on-demand, or on-demand-only training, you will need someone to manage this part of the business.  It can be the training manager or a coordinator hired specifically for the role. 
  • LMS Admins:  Your Learning Management System administrator is your rock.  Nothing can happen without this person managing the environment through which you schedule and/or deliver your training.  Without your administrator, you would be running all training through Excel and Outlook, which is a recipe for disaster.  If you don’t have a Learning Management system, get one.  If you have one, make sure your admin is well taken care of.  
  • Training Marketing:  Once you have training out there, you need it marketed.  Whether you use the company Marketing team or you have a dedicated team/person in charge of marketing for your courses, if you don’t get the word out, you don’t get sign-ups.  
  • Training Sales:  If you are a P&L (Profit and Loss) department, you need to have dedicated sales teams.  Now, I know what you are thinking, “but I can just have our existing Sales team sell training, and that will work!”  No, it won’t.  This is why:  Training is an “add-on” that main Sales teams will cut in a heartbeat to get a bigger deal through and make it look like a discount.  No remorse, no second thought to the lack of training available for the customer and the inability to an effective implementation of the product/service.  Salesfolks don’t care about the customer’s implementation, they care about the deal and their commission from that deal.  If approvals are required, they will try to get around the approvals.  If Training Management approvals are required, they will go to senior executives.  I’ve seen it time and time again:  Every time a Training Sales team is rolled into the main Sales organization, Training revenues take a nose-dive.  Have dedicated sales teams for your Training, if you are selling training.  Period.  
  • Custom Enablement Training:  Large-scale training courses for user-level training may be required for your product/service if your product/service changes the way people work.  This is part of change management and should be regarded as necessary because it’s very likely that your customer is not going to provide this level of product enablement for their customers. 

There are probably several other roles I could add here, but they all become more valuable as your teams get bigger, and that’s a discussion for another post.  ^_^

Man with beanie

Management LEvel

Management of your training organization depends on the number of people on the team.  You could have one manager/director who is in charge of a few curriculum developers and trainers.  You could have a hierarchy of leadership from the CLO to SVPs to VPs to Senior Directors to Directors to Senior Managers to Managers, each managing several directs that make sense for your command structure.  My leadership design starts with two levels:  The Director, and the Independent Contributor.  

The Director

The L&D Director outlines the direction of the training program and the expectations of each role. If the team is less than 10 people altogether, then the Director can manage everyone effectively, even if they break them up into teams (Curriculum, Training, etc).  The Director can then outline their expectations to the teams, and manage any requirements for that team as necessary.  

The Independent Contributor

Independent Contributors are all the roles above (curriculum, training, etc) that have tasks to do and generally work directly with their customers.  They create the content and scope as directed by the Director, and execute the vision.  

Expanding the Leadership Team: Managers

If the team becomes larger than can be effectively managed (the general threshold is 10 ICs to one Leader), then the Director may want to hire Managers for their ICs.  Managers follow the direction as set by the Director, and manage the needs of their ICs by removing barriers that get in the way of their work.  As their teams grow (again, more than 10 ICs per leader) or different regions require more specialized knowledge, additional Managers can be hired.

Expanding Up:  More Directors

Additional Directors may be needed once the growth of the team becomes so large that each group and vision need to be addressed separately.  This usually happens once a company moves from Mid-sized to Corporate levels, with larger teams.  It also happens when Learning and Development teams start to consolidate around single visions and leaders, (i.e., a Chief Learning Officer), in which case each specialized learning area needs direction and execution (think Sales Enablement vs. New Hire vs. Customer vs. Partner enablement).  At this point, you may have Senior Directors, VPs, Senior VPs, etc. that execute the vision, scope, and direction based on specific needs.  

Now, if you are reading this, you likely are not at this point, so why bring it up?  Because you might be someday, and you want to be ready.  You will want to know how to scale your organization effectively or have someone who can scale it for you, and what that will entail.  

 

Structuring Your First Training Organization

The first step you need to make is to hire a good Director that knows how to build a training organization, because, likely, your existing leadership isn’t aware of how to do that.  They may be excellent Sales folks, know Customer Success well, or know how Engineering works, but they are going to look for Sales, Customer Success, or Engineering leaders.  You need to find someone who knows how Training and Development work, has had experience with the process, and has, ideally, built a training program at one point or another in the past.  

Once you know you have someone who can do the job, you need to let them do the job.  Don’t short-change them on people, resources, software, etc.  Good training can be created in PowerPoint, that’s true, but it limits engagement compared to a strong LMS, excellent social learning platforms, and AI-driven learning paths.  Don’t break the budget, but make sure you have the key roles in place for the scope of your need: 

  • One curriculum developer for each product/service family
  • One trainer per 4 training days a week
  • A coordinator to maintain a lot of the operational stuff
  • An LMS Admin (could be the Director/Manager) to keep the lights on.

Additional roles can be added, negotiated, etc. as necessary.  

Common Pitfall

Now, the common pitfall I see small companies make when they want to start training but don’t want to invest too much is to hire one person to do everything.  There’s the problem with it: 

  • Direction then has to come from people who don’t understand training or how it’s developed:  they don’t have the experience, and they fail to understand why the training team just doesn’t “create a PowerPoint” for training.  
  • Curriculum Development is time-consuming:  With full analysis time, it takes 40 hours of development time per 1 hour of delivery.  One full week to have content ready for one hours-worth of training.  Even if you have analysis taken care of, it can take one day to create the content for one hour.  That means the curriculum developer isn’t able to deliver the training while they are developing the next course.  They will get behind in their development, and the courses will quickly become outdated. 
  • Burnout:  That one person will burn out very quickly if they have to run everything because they can’t scale.  Even with on-demand training, there’s no way to scale the content creation, maintenance, delivery, and exam writing necessary to make a successful training program.  You have crippled your training program before it’s had a chance to grow.  

Take it from someone who has been in this position as their peers were released for various reasons and I became the last man standing:  It doesn’t work, and it makes the training guy look like an idiot that can’t do the work, regardless of their credentials.  It’s poor management, so don’t be caught in that trap.  

Final Comments

Designing a good, solid training program that can scale can be daunting if you don’t have the experience, so hopefully this guide has given you an idea of what that structure should look like. If you have any questions or are looking for help in building out your training program, don’t hesitate to reach out so we can help! 

Success in Navigating your Motivational Pyramid

  • Identify what motivates you
  • Do your best to fulfill that need
  • Develop the necessary skills to do your part in navigating the next motivational need
  • Enjoy the journey, instead of focusing on the destination

Computer on the desk

How Does Training Relate to Motivation?

You Know What Motivates You, What Now?

There have been several jobs in my life that were taken because of survival: I needed a new role and I needed to get a paycheck that would fit my needs. Many I took because I was excited to learn something new, and others I took reluctantly because I needed the paycheck. In all cases, I still did my best in the role. After all, I needed the paycheck.

All Motivation is Still Motivation

I have pointed out the values of moving up the motivational pyramid toward Purpose, and I can understand it might cast each lower level of motivation as slightly negative:  you want to move to Purpose because it’s the most productive and valuable motivator.  The thing is, if you are just working to survive, that is a valid and good motivation!  If you are motivated by the good camaraderie of your peers, do it for them!  What motivates you is clearly what you need to get through the daily grind. 

Use that same motivation to get to the next level.  For instance:

  • If you are in survival mode, work to keep what you have and move to that feeling of safety
  • If you are feeling secure, do what you can to feel part of the team
  • If you work for your social connections, build your value, and earn recognition for your unique contributions
  • If you and your work are valued, find the connection between your values and the value your work brings to others

At every level of motivation, you have a desire to do well, at least to satisfy that level of need.  If you are motivated by survival, you will look for the best chances of survival.  If the work you are doing is your best chance, you will invest your time and effort into satisfying that need.  This means you will tolerate everything and anything to remain employed.  This isn’t necessarily a bad situation, though it might not be ideal.  There are several scenarios where this would be the case:  

  • If your company had gone through a cycle of lay-offs, you might feel like you are in survival mode  
  • You might be new to a company and want to show you are valuable as quickly as possible
  • Current economic conditions make it difficult to find a job, so you are looking for and working any role available, even if it is not your ideal position

In all three scenarios above, you are in a legitimate survival mode.  What makes the difference is how quickly you can move into a more stable mode of safety, which will reduce the amount of stress you are experiencing, and therefore improve the quality of work you can produce.  Each level of need will come with its own goals, situations, and reasons for succeeding, and it’s not wrong to be at whatever level of need you have.  The important thing is to realize where you are with your needs, you are getting what you need with as little stress as possible, and you can progress along your levels of need.  Skill development can assist with each method of motivation.

 

Leonardo da Vinci's diagram of a supporting bridge

Skills Development To Improve Motivation

While in survival mode, I moved my family over a thousand miles to the sunny coast of Southern California.  My boys needed better services for their disability, and I wanted to be able to provide them with the best possible options in life.  So, I took a Survival-type job, even as defined by leadership at the organization.  It was an entry-level position that was meant to leap-frog into another role.  I took that role seriously, did everything I could to make a positive, lasting impact, and took advantage of the skills training made available to all employees through Skillsoft training.  I quickly became the most active person on the platform in a 100,000+ person organization, learning everything I could so I could move to my next level of motivation:  Safety.  

Skills development training provides the tools necessary to navigate the motivational pyramid.  

  • Survival needs are met by providing the skills to land and retain positions that satisfy that need.  Perhaps you are moving into a new role or new industry and skills training is necessary, or you just need to complete your New Hire Training paths that will prepare you for the new position you just landed.  Either way, skills development training satisfies your needs. 
  • Safety needs are met by refining skills, learning soft skills, or utilizing parallel skill sets to increase productivity and value.  You could be preparing to move into a more secure role, or landing a new position within the firm that provides more stability. 
  • Social needs are benefited by additional soft-skills training, helping everyone help others feel more inclusive.  It’s often believed that others are responsible for your inclusion, and while that’s true at a high level, you need to start with what you can control:  your social interactions with the group.  If you struggle to feel part of the team, look for opportunities to contribute.  Social soft-skills training can be valuable here.  
    NOTE: I need to point out that everyone is responsible for social inclusion, not just the person on the outside.  While you as the outside person can learn soft skills and inclusion methods, everyone else needs to learn how to be inclusive as well.  Don’t think that through this list I’m laying the burden on the one on the outside.  That would be unfair, unrealistic, and very much the status quo that has broken many a corporate culture.  
  • Esteem/Recognition needs can be met by learning how to be more visible in your role.  New skills, mastery of skills, and new ways of approaching problems will draw attention to your work.  Striving for excellence in your day-to-day is a journey that will benefit you with a curious mind that explores new and better ways of doing things.  
  • Purpose needs can be met by learning about the industry, customer problems, customer needs, and how the company meets those needs.  Skills development in this area ranges from better industry understanding, customer issue awareness, and better communication skills.
Skills Development:  Build Your Bridge

I love the visuals that Leonardo da Vinci’s inventions give, particularly his bridge (pictured above).  The bridge is built of multiple logs, each notched in such a way that it can rest on another, and by the power of compression, these logs do not move.  The result is a bridge that can be carried, built, used, and disassembled without a single nail or piece of rope.  I have a small model replica sitting in my office as a reminder of the importance of pieces as a whole. 

It’s important to build your bridge to each level carefully.  Find the training that provides you with the necessary skillset you need to thrive in your current needs level and will help you along your journey to the next.  Remember that your needs journey will always be in flux, and your motivation will change.  New roles bring new challenges, changes in economies will make life a little less certain, and feeling comfortable and unchallenged in a role will bring a desire for new challenges and new growth.  Your career is a journey, your development will be part of that journey.  Sit back, take a deep breath, and enjoy the scenery! 

“Skill development can assist with each method of motivation.”

 

  • Fix the tribal knowledge problem by documenting the job. 
  • Fix your disjointed processes by documenting set processes for everyone to follow.  
  • Unify your learning and knowledge platforms to reduce technical debt

Employers:  Facilitate your team’s Motivational Growth

To this point, I’ve only talked to those going through their journey.  Now, let’s talk about the job of the Employer.  As an employment entity, you have a goal to accomplish.  You might be trying to end world hunger or make it easier to take pictures of cats and post them to social media.  Whatever your end goal, you have hired folks to help you meet and maintain that goal.  As part of the employment contract, you provide an environment that best supports your employees, so they in turn can provide your company with their best work.  Together, you move the organization forward and meet your goal.  

Here’s the thing, particularly with start-ups:  the hiring trend is to try and find people who have done the job in a similar role and convince them to come over and do the same thing, structuring the department and team along the way.  If it’s a new role, new company, or new growth, this makes sense!  The new role and department need to be defined, and scaled, with roles, training, etc. all developed and documented as the department grows.  Here’s where it all breaks down:  because only people are hired who have done the job before, nothing gets documented, training isn’t developed, HR doesn’t know the necessary skills for which to hire, and everything becomes the wild West as folks from different companies and different process plans try to do their thing and make everyone else comply with their process.  Warring processes require a lot of substructure to make it work, and heavy technical debt, and only those folks can do the job because no one else will know what to do.  Tribal knowledge rules, and is lost as folks move on in their careers.  

Fix the Tribe: Write It Down!

I’m going to highlight this scenario by pulling from Ancient Athens.  For generations, they relied on a tribunal of judges that would “remember” the law and rule for or against citizens, and their rulings were final.  This period had no written law and no defined punishments.  It was left to the judges.  As I’m sure you could imagine, the common people were ready to revolt, feeling that the wealthy would be favored due to connections and gifts, while the same rulings were denied to everyone else.  It wasn’t until 621 BC when Draco was commissioned by the leaders of Athens to create their legal system that laws were finally written in stone, literally!  Laws and punishments were all clearly written for all to see, with the associated punishment.  We know these as Draconian Laws, because Draco made them, and they are considered harsh as death was the result of just about every infraction.  The people loved it because the laws were applied equally to everyone.  

Take this to your organization:  It’s difficult to feel safe and motivated if there’s no right way to do things and you are judging performance with subjective measures.  You can’t say, “Be more like Wilson” because Wilson doesn’t share, or have time to share, his processes.  Mentorships are great, but only work when the mentor is willing and able to share their knowledge.  This is why documentation of processes is so important in every organization as soon as possible.  

Unify your Knowledge:  Make Learning Accessible! 

As your teams grow and develop, new processes will be necessary.  To simplify your life, the lives of your team, and the technical debt the IT team needs to manage, unify your knowledge platforms.  So many companies will have more than 3 LMS platforms that are specific to teams, with their own licensing and configuration demands.  Additionally, the teams will have an equal number of Knowledge platforms to share information, all of which have their own licensing and configuration demands.  The result is a strange, Frankenstein-esque technical infrastructure that is so difficult that roles alone cannot maintain the complexity.  

Simplify.  Use one LMS platform, ideally with an integrated Knowledge platform that combines written and engaging training.  Don’t listen to the “need for specialist platforms” because knowledge is knowledge, skills are skills, and an LMS is an LMS, regardless of the bells and whistles they sport to cater to a particular demographic.  If you can’t use the LMS for onboarding, sales, employee development, and customer training, find another LMS.  

Have Questions?

Not sure where to go next?  Why not contact us and find out!  

Still wary and want to see what we are about?  Check out our free training courses or follow The Training Guy on YouTube!  

Jeremy Robb

Jeremy Robb

CLO and Consultant

 

You know you have a problem: users aren’t using the training you purchased, and Management wants to cut it. What can you do? How can you bridge the gap and show the value of training to Managers, while also encouraging your employees to use the courses available? Here are 5 ways:
1. Do your job task analyses
2. Centralize your learning in one place
3. Build job-based learning paths for every role
4. Include a budget for industry certifications
5. Have the Management Champion learning

You are a training professional, and your company has finally invested in a large learning library with curated content that covers just about every possible skill under the sun. You are thrilled because your co-workers in all departments can up-skill themselves and grow. And yet, it doesn’t get used, and management start asking why they even invested in the first place. Below we talk about why there’s a disconnect between management and employees regarding training.

The Training Disconnect: Why Isn't Your Learning Library Getting Used?
The Training Disconnect: Why Isn’t Your Learning Library Getting Used?

In my previous role, our company had invested in a large, curated online training library for use by our employees. It was amazing, massive, and a little difficult to use if you didn’t know what you needed. Still, it was an amazing investment in the growth of individuals: but no one knew it was there. I would like to say this was an exception to the rule, but at nearly every job I’ve ever had, this has been the standard. Companies will invest in training libraries and make them available to their employees, and yet they are rarely utilized. This has two impacts:

  1. Management feels that training is a waste of money
  2. Employees feel like they are on their own when it comes to advancing their career

Both are right, in a way, which is concerning, and yet it has management and employees at odds. Managers will point out that training isn’t being used when it’s available, and employees point out that they didn’t know it was there and couldn’t navigate the massive library.

Let’s talk about the Management position first, to understand their concerns. When they see an investment not being used, they see a waste of resources that could go to hiring another Sales executive or Engineer. Why are we paying for something that is standing idle? It’s not in the best interest of the business to have that program on the books when we can use those resources elsewhere to better grow the business. And, from a certain point of view, they are right. Any resource not used within a company is a wasted resource.

This prompts the first question from management: Why did we invest in this learning library in the first place? And any HR rep or L&D team member can quickly reply: to invest in up-skilling of our employee base and build a resilient organization. That should be obvious. But no one seems to ask the next question, or rather, don’t like the answer: Then why aren’t employees using it?

This goes to the Employee point of view. Employees want to grow in their careers, earn better pay, become more knowledgeable, and respected within their circles of influence. This comes from experience and learning. Training can help with this, and often a diverse, liberal training library can help fill gaps that otherwise are tough to pick up on the job. This is where those large, curated libraries of training topics are so valuable: they have such a diverse collection that employees can find just about any skill to learn and develop. It’s also their curse: there’s SO MUCH THERE that it’s tough to get started. Even if you have a general idea, often there are 5-10 difference courses on the same topic, which is right? Employees need guidance when navigating these large libraries to use them effectively.

So, why are the libraries not being used? Employees don’t know they are there, and/or they don’t know where to start. They need content to be organized in a logical manner that makes sense for their role.

It’s been almost 20 years since I completed my BA in History at the University of Utah. The experience was outstanding, and I would definitely recommend the U (yes, a shameless plug for my alma mater). But why was it such an outstanding experience? I’ve been thinking about that a lot lately, trying to unpack the experience that led me to where I am today. To this point, I’m going to loosely reference some educational psychology professionals because there is a lot of research that has gone into education as a whole. That is the way folks learn, the value of learning, and what makes learning valuable.

First, there’s how folks learn, or more to the point how adults learn. The brain will take in information from our senses, and process that information using previous experience as a reference. That previous experience can be biased (which really is where our biases exist), but they also help the brain process and make sense of new information. The more that information is repeated, the more likely neurons create a permanent connection, which moves the information from short-term memory to long-term memory. It’s an oversimplification to be sure, but I wanted to point out some things with this process:

 

  • The brain is processing information from all senses, not just a given one. Some may find it easier to process by listening, some by doing, or some by seeing it being done, but this is a preference. The brain processes everything coming in. To this point, I can still recall a lecture from paleoanthropology given by a visiting professor discussing the Neanderthal mastoid process because of the musty smell of the old Mathematics building. All senses are valuable, even those we may not expect.
  • What is processed is information, regardless of source. That source can be a book, lecture, video, quiz, exam, research paper, or casual conversation on a walk across campus.
  • What’s interesting is that the source itself doesn’t matter. It could be college, high school, trade school, University, post-grad work, graduate degree, or just reading in a library. The brain can learn as long as there’s information to be processed.
  • Bias has a huge impact on our ability to learn and gain new skills. Whether it’s a pre-existing bias against the content being taught, challenges to existing knowledge, or experiences that are at odds with the information being processed, biases will tend to filter, influence or down-right negate the information being taught.

 

If the brain doesn’t care where its information is coming from, why do I cherish my University days so much? It all comes down to the experience. I was a commuter student, much like the majority of those at the University of Utah (not many stay in dorms). I would go to school during the day, spend time in the library studying alone or in groups, walk and discuss questions with other students as we went from one class to another, and continue the learning journey until the evening when I would go to my full-time job to pay tuition. The experience went beyond the classroom and continued into related classrooms. As I took paleoanthropology, a senior seminar on Roman Britain, and followed that up with classes in Latin and Ancient Greek, I got perspectives that I could share with my fellow students, who would share some of the same if not all of the same, classes with me. We formed a loose cohort that remained together as we progressed together. This was, essentially, an ecosystem of experience that we all shared.

Experience ecosystems fascinates me. Apple and Google both have built powerful ecosystems around their platforms for Mobile devices that generate loyalty because of the experience. They tie tools that everyone uses together, such as email, browser, documents, multimedia, etc. within a single experience by making it easier to use together. As a user, you have a solid platform from which you can do what you need or want, and do it much faster and easier than before. This is because Apple, Google, and others look to the full experience from search to purchase to use and find ways to make that process easier.

The current experience in learning is one of two: Liberal Arts, or Certification. Within the Liberal Arts education, you get a wide range of training and experience that can map to multiple career paths, with guidance to a more targeted discipline. Certification takes a targeted and focused approach, be it technical or Graduate-based, by focusing on a single certification at the end of the journey. In either method, a single goal remains: show you have knowledge as certified by a trusted learning institution or industry standard. What happens thereafter is left entirely to the student. The experience of getting to that point is rewarding, but what now? What’s the next step?

Suppose for a minute that a learning experience ecosystem could be developed. An experience in learning that would take someone from where they are (baseline) to where they would like to be and map out the process to get there. I’m not just talking next stage in a career either, I’m talking full map to the final goal(s). This would be a process of mapping out skills for every persona or discipline that someone has or would like to have, and then mapping out the skills necessary to get there. As the skills are mapped and found to overlap, multiple possibilities can be presented based on existing and desired skills and experience. Whole careers could be suggested based on current preferences, or as preferences evolve. Learning now takes an active role in career development, which engages the learner. Now they are learning with a purpose because they know what their career could map out to be if they continue.

There are a lot of pieces that could be plugged into this model, but the framework should be pretty sound. It would be a fascinating project for anyone looking to build a successful engagement for their learners. As far as I’m aware, no one has yet put together a learning experience ecosystem (if anyone can provide an example, please let me know!). So until then, it remains a thought.

Hybrid learning is a popular term in Learning today, often used for a variety of different training models involving various amounts of mixing an online, self-paced learning component with live instruction either in-person or online. Because it’s such a popular term for such variety, it’s difficult to pinpoint its value. So let’s walk through what it is, how it’s different, why it should be considered, and finally the ultimate question: does it work?  

What Is Hybrid Learning?

Hybrid learning combines live instruction with on-demand, self-paced training modules. As a definition, that leaves a lot of ambiguity: how much time is spent online vs. in the classroom? Do you need a classroom? Fortunately, there are ways to further define hybrid learning (College of DuPage, p.3). 

  • Traditional classroom: All instruction is in the classroom, with possibly some online content to enhance learning, though minimally
  • Web-enhanced/Blended learning: Learning still happens within the in-person or virtual classroom, with activities being enhanced by online content (lectures, labs, etc.).  
  • Hybrid/Flipped Classroom: A substantial amount of “seat time” is dedicated to on-demand content with some instruction taking place in the classroom, either in-person or virtually.  
  • Online: Most content is online with little or no interaction with an instructor

To this list, I would add another level, which is the hybrid learning path: A series of classes along a learning path that can be taken either completely through on-demand, hybrid, web-enhanced, or traditional instruction.  

How Is It Different? 

Everyone learns differently, and studies (Manning, article 69) have shown that bite-sized teaching is a preferred method of learning, and on-demand content caters to that learning methodology. Bite-sized teaching, also called bite-sized learning, breaks topics into small, easily understood pieces of learning that can be quickly consumed and applied. Think of it as YouTube learning: 3-5 minute videos that cover a topic, piece by piece. On-demand content can cater to this easily, and allow folks to learn what they need when they need it (just-in-time learning), and on their schedule (self-paced learning).  

The one drawback is asking questions: where do you ask them? How do you interact? That’s where a hybrid, or flipped model, comes into its own: the instructor is there to facilitate question sessions, walk through problems, and provide solutions. Instructors can then tie the concepts and topics together into a coherent, job-specific narrative through demonstrations and open-ended challenges outside of the on-demand schedule.  

Why Do It? 

Why should hybrid learning be considered outside of strictly on-demand or traditional classroom models? Well, you get the best of both worlds: learning modules that can be quickly consumed and easily processed by the learner on a schedule that doesn’t heavily impact current workloads, while still having that interaction with an instructor to ask questions and validate the concepts learned and its application in real-world scenarios. Employers benefit because day-to-day impacts on productivity are minimal compared to huge blocks of classroom time during the week. Employees benefit because hybrid learning caters better to their schedule and is more likely to be approved by management. Both benefit because training makes for a more productive, skilled, and happier workforce.  

Does It Work? 

Of course theory and studies aside, the main question is, does this work in the real world? At ServiceNow, we launched a new offering: Now Assist. This is a delivery method that takes our award-winning on-demand content and adds the interaction with a live instructor during the two-week duration of the course. The breakdown is pretty simple: 

  • Access to an exclusive forum to ask (and answer) questions, get additional content from the instructor, and collaborate with fellow attendees
  • 4 scheduled webinars with the instructor to go over forum questions in demonstrations, as well as additional real-world community questions relevant to the topics covered
  • Scheduled over two weeks, which breaks down to about 1 hour per day of on-demand work

The reception of Now Assist has been very positive. The flipped classroom model takes the stress off of completing a lot of instruction while having to work, while still having a set deadline for completion. Those who have taken our on-demand content and struggled because of questions have the opportunity to work with an instructor to have those questions answered. The most powerful piece has been connecting what is learned to real-world scenarios that folks find on the job.  

Hybrid learning is an opportunity to rethink standard learning and give flexibility to those who need it. It’s helpful to understand what it is, but more importantly, how it fits within a working business. Now Assist is one example, of which I have a lot of experience, and has proven to be a popular solution for attendees looking to get that little extra bit of help.  

Scheduling training classes sound easy: put the class on the schedule and the seats will fill themselves, right? If this is your method, you probably find that more often than not classes cancel, or that you have more demand than you can handle and struggle to meet customer needs. The most common question I get from partners, instructors, and potential training partners is: what courses are in demand to avoid cancelled classes? What kind of volume can we expect should we ramp up our instructors? It’s a tough question to ask, and can have different answers based on each location. Fortunately demand is pretty easy to estimate, if you have all the right data. It all comes down to the product being sold, and how many folks need to be trained per purchase. 

You start by looking at potential sales. The Sales team will generally break down their sales opportunities, or All-Commodity Volume (ACV), using the following stages with a fiscal quarter:

  1. Lead – usually a potential contact from a cold-call or other marketing outreach project.
  2. Opportunity – initial conversation with the lead was positive
  3. Discovery – Customer is interested, and is willing to explore the product solution
  4. Business Issue – Identifying the customer’s business issues and addressing their needs
  5. Power Partnership – Someone high enough to influence the sale has been identified and is willing to back the sale
  6. Present Solution – Sales team is on site presenting a solid pitch for the sale
  7. Power Validation – Customer is reviewing the solution (and deciding against other potential solutions)
  8. Validation Completed – Deliberations on which solution is the best are underway
  9. Deal Imminent – Decision has been made, waiting for key decision makers (usually CFO and CEO) to give the green light
  10. Closed – Won – We sold it!

The most common stages that produce results, and would need to be looked at from a planning point of view, are stages 3 through 10. The closer to Closed – Won, the more likely it will actually close that quarter. Sales pipeline will indicate how likely a sales opportunity will be closed in the quarter. Early on, there will be a lot of Upsides floating out there, which then translate to Closed once it works through the pipeline. Any Upside accounts near the end of the quarter will likely be moved to the next. That’s how sales generally works, which means now we just have to find out how that translates to training.

Some assumptions I’m making, which may or may not apply in your business situation:

  • One product sold means one person will be in charge of it, and will need to be trained. 1 product = 1 seat in class needs to be sold. 
  • Sales data and delivery data remain pretty consistent. This can be a challenge if you have a sales team that doesn’t follow through with necessary sales, or deliveries that are not fulfilled predictably.
  • A sale in one quarter means training in the next. If your delivery model provides for a more lengthy implementation or fulfillment, this may not be the case. If you don’t have to worry about a lengthy implementation (Out of the Box deployments) or have immediate fulfillment, then you could be looking at a shorter turn-around. A quick historical analysis of your sales vs. training delivery numbers should give you a clearer picture of the relationship between the two.

Once you know how your data get’s broken down, you just need to run the numbers. I’ve worked with a couple equations to predict this, but the easiest one is really simple:

  • Sum the total number of products sold over a span of time (month works for me)
  • Divide that number by the average number of seats in a class (10 is generally good).

Now you have the maximum expected number of potential classes you would need to run based on projected ACV. For a Training Delivery Manager, this is ideal. You know the number of classes you could expect to run if every customer were to schedule training on time, at the same time. If you are looking to know, for instance, how many trainers you should have ramped up at a given time, this would give you that number.

At this point you just need to shift the dates to meet your deployment schedule and you are gold, right? Well, not quite. Not all sold products will equal trained folks, nor would that training be taken on schedule as expected. There will be some exceptions. That margin of error can be predicted over time, but a safe number I’ve found that works for me in my industry is 66.7%. That means that two thirds of all training seats expected for the quarter are realized as actual seats in class.

You multiply your maximum expected number by the percentage that tend to run, and you get a pretty accurate number of seats you can count on to fill. With that number you can schedule classes, either quarterly or annually, train instructors to cover those classes, and even book contract instructors ahead of time for coverage.

Now, I know this method may not work for everyone and for every circumstance, but it gives you a starting point. Working this part of the business can be a challenge. You may not always have access to the ACV from sales (it’s pretty important company info, after all!), and even then you may find the numbers don’t quite work. But the better you understand your Sales process and structure, the more likely you are to understand how you can train folks on what was sold.